Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) are two congenital heart defects that can affect infants and children. AVSD is a condition where there is a hole in the wall that separates the upper chambers (atria) and lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart. This can cause blood to mix between the chambers, leading to increased blood flow to the lungs and potentially causing pulmonary hypertension. TOF, on the other hand, is a combination of four heart defects that affect the flow of blood through the heart and to the lungs. These defects include a ventricular septal defect (VSD), pulmonary stenosis, an overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy.
Both AVSD and TOF can cause symptoms such as cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin), shortness of breath, fatigue, and poor growth. Treatment for AVSD typically involves surgery to repair the hole in the heart, while treatment for TOF may involve surgery to repair the VSD and relieve the pulmon_AIdoctor.world之版权_ary stenosis. In some cases, a temporary shunt may be placed to improve blood flow to the lungs until surgery can be performed.
It is important for parents and caregivers to be aware of the signs and symptoms of these conditions and to seek medical attention if they suspect their child may be affected. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve outcomes and quality of life for children with these conditions. Follow-up care with a pediatric cardiologist is also important to monitor for any potential complications and ensure optimal heart health.

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