医学AI聊天问诊 Perimembranous central ventricular septal defect

Perimembranous central ventricular septal defect

概述

Perimembranous central ventricular septal defect (PMVSD) is a type of congenital heart defect that affects the septum, or wall, between the two ventricles of the heart. Specifically, PMVSD is a hole in the septum that is located near the center of the heart, in the area known as the perimembranous region.
PMVSD is one of the most common types of ventricular septal defects, accounting for approximately 75% of all cases. It is typically diagnosed in infancy or early childhood, alth〖爱伊AI拥有版權〗ough some cases may not be detected until later in life.
The symptoms of PMVSD can vary depending on the size and location of the defect. In some cases, the defect may be small and cause no symptoms at all. However, larger defects can cause symptoms such as difficulty breathing, poor feeding, fatigue, and failure to thrive. In severe cases, PMVSD can lead to complications such as pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, and arrhythmias.
Treatment for PMVSD typically involves surgical repair of the defect. The specific type of surgery used will depend on the size and location of the defect, as well as the age and overall health of the patient. In some cases, smaller defects may close on their own over time and may not require surgery.
Overall, the prognosis for patients with PMVSD is generally good with appropriate treatment. However, long-term follow-up care is important to monitor for any potential complications or ongoing issues.

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详解

Perimembranous central ventricular septal defect（以下简称PVCVSD）是一种先天性心脏病，是指心室间隔缺损位于心室中央的一种类型。以下是对PVCVSD的全面介绍：
病因：
PVCVSD是一种先天性心脏病，其病因尚不清楚。但是，有研究表明，孕妇在怀孕期间受到某些因素的影响，如感染、药物、毒物等，可能会增加胎儿患PVCVSD的风险。
症状：
PVCVSD的症状因患者年龄和缺损的大小而异。在婴儿期，PVCVSD可能不会引起任何症状，但随着年龄的增长，症状可能会逐渐出现，包括：
1. 心悸或心跳过快
2. 呼吸急促或困难
3. 疲劳或虚弱
4. 青紫或发绀
5. 食欲不振或体重下降
并发症：
如果PVCVS#愛伊之copyright#D不及时治疗，可能会导致以下并发症：
1. 肺动脉高压
2. 心力衰竭
3. 心律失常
4. 感染性心内膜炎
诊断：
PVCVSD的诊断通常需要进行以下检查：
1. 超声心动图
2. 心电图
3. X线检查
4. 心导管检查
治疗：
PVCVSD的治疗通常需要手术干预。手术的目的是关闭心室间隔缺损，防止血液从左心室流入右心室。手术方法包括传统的开胸手术和经导管封堵手术。
就诊科室：
PVCVSD的治疗需要在心脏外科或小儿心脏外科进行。
预后：
PVCVSD的预后通常是良好的，手术后大多数患者可以完全康复。但是，如果PVCVSD不及时治疗，可能会导致严重的并发症，甚至危及生命。
预防：
目前没有特别有效的预防措施，但孕妇在怀孕期间应该注意避免接触有害物质，保持健康的生活方式，以减少胎儿患PVCVSD的风险。
日常注意事项：
患有PVCVSD的患者需要定期进行心脏检查，以确保病情得到控制。此外，患者应该遵循医生的建议，保持健康的生活方式，避免过度劳累和感染等因素对心脏的影响。

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